沈陽翻譯公司：法律翻譯的常見錯(cuò)誤
法律翻譯是翻譯中的高端服務(wù)，它主要服務(wù)律師，外資企業(yè)，進(jìn)出口公司等社會(huì)上層群體，質(zhì)量要求和技術(shù)難度都相當(dāng)高。法律翻譯作為法律語言學(xué)主要研究內(nèi)容之一，包括口譯和筆譯，在國內(nèi)、國際社會(huì)生活中法律翻譯都起日益重要的作用。法律翻譯工作除了對(duì)譯員及相關(guān)的條件提出較高的要求外，還受制于法律語言本身的特點(diǎn)。法律翻譯不同于普通文件翻譯，要求較高。很多譯員因資歷不夠，在法律翻譯過程中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)，主要錯(cuò)誤有以下幾種：
一、拼寫或識(shí)詞錯(cuò)誤
書寫或識(shí)別英文詞匯時(shí)，將單詞拼錯(cuò)，或?qū)⑼庑蜗嘟脑~匯混淆。
例： defendant (被告), respondent (答辯人，<上訴、離婚等案件的>被告), dependent (附屬的，受撫/贍養(yǎng)的；受撫/贍養(yǎng)人)
對(duì)當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟標(biāo)的，第三人認(rèn)為有獨(dú)立請(qǐng)求權(quán)的，有權(quán)提起訴訟。
譯文：A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent claim with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to initiate an action.
二、語法錯(cuò)誤
例： On June 4, 2012, a 29-year-old Canadian porn actor suspected with killing and dismembering (肢解) a Chinese student in Montreal, Canada, was arrested in Berlin, local police authorities confirmed. 當(dāng)?shù)鼐阶C實(shí)，2012年6月4日，涉嫌在加拿大蒙特利爾殺害并肢解一名中國留學(xué)生的一名29歲加拿大色情男演員在柏林被捕。
修改要點(diǎn)：with→of。suspect sb. of doing sth.懷疑某人做人事。
三、術(shù)語錯(cuò)誤
例： 對(duì)當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟標(biāo)的，第三人認(rèn)為有獨(dú)立請(qǐng)求權(quán)的，有權(quán)提起訴訟。A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent request with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to bring a prosecution.
修改要點(diǎn)：request → claim; bring a prosecution (刑事訴訟；控訴方，公訴方)→ initiate an action。
四、理解錯(cuò)誤
例： In the determination of any criminal charge against him, everyone shall be entitled to the following minimum guarantees, in full equality: … (e) To examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him.
原譯文：在判定對(duì)他提出的任何刑事指控時(shí)，人人完全平等地有資格享受以下的最低限度的保證：… （戊）訊問或業(yè)已訊問對(duì)他不利的證人，并使對(duì)他有利的證人在與對(duì)他不利的證人相同的條件下出庭和受訊問。
修改為：判定對(duì)他→判定對(duì)任何人； （戊）訊問或業(yè)已訊問…受訊問→由本人或讓其他人詢問對(duì)其不利的證人，并使對(duì)其有利的證人與對(duì)其不利的證人在相同條件下出庭和接受詢問。
五、表述錯(cuò)誤 (語言不地道，用詞不當(dāng)?shù)?
例： Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. (set forth, 闡明，提出)
原譯文：人人有權(quán)要求一種社會(huì)的和國際的秩序, 在這種秩序中, 本宣言所載的權(quán)利和自由能獲得充分實(shí)現(xiàn)。
修改為：人人有權(quán)要求一種能充分實(shí)現(xiàn)本宣言所載權(quán)利和自由的社會(huì)和國際秩序。
六、過于繁瑣( redundant)
例： 人民依照法律規(guī)定，通過各種途徑和形式，管理國家事務(wù)，管理經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化事業(yè)，管理社會(huì)事務(wù)。
原譯文：The people administer state affairs and manage economic, cultural and social affairs through various channels and in various ways in accordance with the law.
修改提示：漢語擅用排比，英文無此習(xí)慣。此處可以將各種“事務(wù)”連起來，一氣呵成。
修改為：The people administer state, economic, cultural and social affairs through …
七、濫用標(biāo)點(diǎn)
例： 女職工有權(quán)向當(dāng)?shù)貏趧?dòng)部門提出申訴。受理申訴的部門應(yīng)當(dāng)作出決定。
A woman employee has the right to appeal (申訴) to the local labor department, which shall make a decision. (逗號(hào)不能刪除)
例： 企業(yè)和政府有關(guān)部門的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部，因工作過失給企業(yè)和國家造成較大損失的，由政府主管部門或有關(guān)上級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)給予行政處分。
原譯文：Leading cadres of enterprises and governmental departments concerned, who have caused the enterprises and the state big losses due to work faults, shall be disciplined by the competent government agency or its superior agency.
修改提示：cause sb. sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)不當(dāng)；定語從句的逗號(hào)使用不當(dāng)。
修改為：Leading cadres of enterprises and governmental departments concerned who have caused big losses to the profit-seeking enterprises and the state owing to their negligence in work shall be disciplined by the competent government agency or its superior agency.
修改說明：(1) cause sb. sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)改為cause sth. to sb.結(jié)構(gòu)。
(2) 去掉定語從句的逗號(hào)，因?yàn)椋合拗菩远ㄕZ從句起明確的限定作用，在句中不可缺少，否則會(huì)影響句子的含義。非限制性定語從句通常起補(bǔ)充說明作用，刪除后一般也不影響句子的主要思想；有時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)分句；修飾具有唯一性的名詞時(shí)，要用非限制性定語從句。例如：
When he was 18, he went to a technical school in London, which was the largest city he had ever seen. (逗號(hào)不能刪除)
Then he met Mary, who (and she) invited him to a party. (逗號(hào)不能刪除)
